pilifande

  Vulcanicity: This is the process by which molten materials from the mantle (magma) are intruded into the Earth’s crust but also extruded from the crust. Volcanicity: This refers to the ways by which magma is intruded into the earth’s crust. Through fracture, fissures found in the crust magma found inside the crust can sometimes reach the surface of the crust and consolidate from there. In this case, the features formed are extrusive features. Some other times magma can fail to reach the earth’s surface and consolidate inside the crust before it reaches the surface. In this case, the features formed are known as intrusive features. The causes of volcanicity and volcanic eruption can include: Increased quantity of magma in the mantle leading to an increase to the pressure pushing this magma outwards. Presence of fissure and cracks allowing magma to move towards the crust.  Increase in the temperature of magma inside making the magma very light to move along a crack.  An i...

  The vertical aerial photograph is an aerial photograph technique where the shots are taken from directly above the subject of the image. Hence, this method of aerial photograph is also often referred to as “overhead aerial photograph. Oblique photographs (also known as oblique aerial photographs or oblique air photographs) are taken from a high point, which is at an angle neither horizontal (ground level photograph) nor perpendicular (vertical aerial photograph) to the area being photographed. The following are advantages of vertical aerial photograph over oblique aerial photograph; vertical aerial photograph have uniform scale Vertical photographs present approximately uniform scale throughout the photo but not oblique photos. It follows that making measurements (e.g., distances and directions) on vertical photographs is easier and more accurate. it is easy to determine direction in vertical aerial photograph Because of a constant scale throughout a vertical photograph, the dete...

  Oblique Aerial Photographs are Photographs taken at an angle. If they are taken from a low angle earth surface–aircraft, they are called low oblique and photographs taken from a high angle are called high or steep oblique. The technical definition of the vertical aerial photograph is photography looking down on a subject at an angle of less than or equal to three degrees from the vertical. In other words, the vertical aerial photograph is defined as an aerial photography technique where the shots are taken from directly above the subject of the image The following are the advantages of oblique aerial photographs over vertical aerial photographs: The oblique aerial photograph may use inexpensive cameras because they are not used for photogrammetric or precision purposes. Determination of feature elevations is more accurate using oblique aerial photograph than a vertical aerial photograph. An oblique aerial photograph covers more ground area than vertical aerial photograph taken...

  Water transport is by use of water bodies like lakes, rivers, seas, oceans , canals using transport vessels like boats, ships, ferries, canoes. Water transport is cheap for transporting bulky goods for long distances like between continents like transportation exports, minerals , agricultural products, timber, machinery, tourists, oil and its products. Problems facing water transport in LDCs The problems are physical and human and include the following; Poor science and technology to develop ports making transport vessels and improving waterways. Limited capital to develop ports to purchase transport vessels because of low income. Shallow and narrow water bodies to accommodate big ships carrying exports, imports like the oil tankers. Presence of rapids and waterfalls causing accidents, e.g. on R. Nile, Niger, Congo. Floating vegetation like water hyacinth, papyrus disrupting navigation like R. Congo, Nile, L. Kyoga. Presence of physical obstacles like potholes, gorges, rock out...

  The Savanna biome has a wet/dry climate. Its Köppen climate group is Aw . The A stands for a tropical climate and the w for a dry season in the winter. Savannah refers to grassland. Savannah vegetation can be sub-divided into two: Savannah woodlands it has a continuous cover of dense trees with little growth of grass. Savannah grasslands It has a continuous cover of grass with scattered trees Distribution of savanna climate The savanna or Sudan climate is confined within the tropics. The belt includes West Africa Sudan, and then curves southwards into East Africa and Southern Africa north of the Tropic of Capricorn. In South America, there are Llanos of the Orinoco basin and the Campos of the Brazilian Highlands. The Australian Savanna is located south of the monsoon strip running from West to East, north of the Tropic of Capricorn.  Savanna climatic condition has the following characteristics: In the savanna climate there is a distinct dry season, which is in the winter....