GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

  The formation of liberation movements such as ELF, EPLF, TPLF which put up a guerilla war fare from 1961, on many occasions they engaged in sporadic attacks on the government installations and this slowly but surely weakened Ethiopia such that by 1993 it was very clear that Eritrea was to get its independence. Melesi Zenawi The election of an African as the UN General Secretary in 1992 that is Boutros Boutros Ghali helped Eritrea to achieve her independence. He revised the 1960 referendum, realized the mistakes in it and then turned to pressurize Ethiopia to relinquish power to Eritreans. The famine and drought that hit Eritrea most between 1972- 74 worked to increase Eritrean hatred towards the Ethiopian government. They then got determined to fight Ethiopia and the Eritrean secession could not be avoided. Cold war politics, because of the two competing blocs in the world, Eritrea and Ethiopia were in position to get help from either the capitalist bloc or the socialist bloc for...

  Note: These are facilitating factors to nationalism that had risen as a result of colonial injustices such as forced labour, poor taxation system among others. The Africans were now fed up of the trusteeship policy of reformist approach and needed a complete overhaul of the colonial order. Therefore the nationalists that emerged in the disadvantaged countries of the world especially Africa and Asia such as Nkrumah, Nyerere, Ghandi, Nehru were so positive to real change therefore the factors for the growth and development are as follows; NOTE: The first factor to consider are the European colonial policies such as forced labour, heavy taxation, forced cash crop growing among others which inked the Africans to fight for the restoration of African dignity and independence. The need to preserve and regain African independence. Following the Berlin conference 1884, Africa was divided up amongst the hungry European imperialists and the African chiefs became answerable to the white new ...

  Western Europe had dominated the world in the first four decades of the 20th century until 1941 when USA and USSR entered the 2nd world war, after the war USA and USSR dominated the whole world replacing Britain and France plus Germany and Italy which had been active colonial masters. The new super powers had ideologies and wanted to deal with independent world states such led to cold war which was very important in the struggle for African liberation. USA and USSR were ideologically different that is USSR was the leader of the socialist bloc while the USA was the leader of the communist bloc in this ideological competition one power could not be allowed to run Africa therefore the super powers ended up advocating for independence of African states. USA poured in aid to LDC’s as a way of counteracting the soviet influence.In this way the colonized African states obtained the resources material, financial, military which they effectively used to challenged colonial rule. USA had b...