Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  The following Effects of transport on the environment Pollution from vehicles emitting fumes and oil spills from ships into water bodies. Smoke and smog have caused poor visibility. Creation of barren lands where rocks have been excavated e.g. along river channels. Increased temperatures/Global warming due to gas emissions. Loss of bio-diversity i.e. migration of water animals and bird species due to pollution. Destruction of forests and swamp reclamation to create land for roads and railways. Displacement of many people because of the need to expand roads and railway lines. Encroachment on land for other land uses like fishing, forestry, and agriculture. Destruction of the scenic beauty of the landscape by removing vegetation and rocks. Land degradation e.g. through stone quarrying which leaves behind pits that are breeding grounds for mosquitoes. RELATED POSTS 9 CONDITIONS FAVOURING IRRIGATION FARMING IN EGYPT 5 CAUSES OF RURAL-RURAL MIGRATION IN KENYA 10 AIMS OF KILOMBERO VALL...

  Natural gas occurs in association with petroleum i.e. normally found on top of upper layers of Crude Oil. Composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons with methane making the highest percentage Mainly used for domestic purposes, generating thermal electricity and for industrial activities Advantages of energy from natural gas Clean. Cheap to transport in pipelines . Free from weather changes Disadvantages of energy from natural gas Accidental fires may occur due to gas leakage/damaged pipes. Pollution of environment through gas leaks. Expensive for low income earners Problems of Energy Development in Kenya Inadequate capital which causes the country to seek external borrowing of money which is paid for many years overburdening the country. Small market for power because of the high cost of connection which prevents its horizontal spread Seasonal fluctuation of water levels in dams due to low rainfall on catchment areas and some rivers flowing through dry areas where much of water is...

  The term “ environment” refer to the surrounding and the influence surroundings have on living things. Surroundings include the living and the non living things. Thus environment include land, water, atmosphere and living things. In the environment, human beings are taken to be the center because they influence the environment and in turn it influences them. Simply environment includes everything surrounding us including ourselves.     THE COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT Our environment is often divided into three components. These are the physical, the living and the cultural environment. The Physical Environment It consist of air, water, soil and rocks.   The living Part of the Environment; The second component is the habitat which is the home of living things (all living things). The habitat provide conditions necessary for life to prosper. The various creatures depend on each other for survival E.g. animals depends on plants for foods, plants depends on in...

  Climate change refers to the shift in global temperatures and precipitation over time. It is a long-term alteration in the weather patterns especially temperature and storm activity. In other words, it is the man-made or natural shift in average atmospheric conditions over time. The basic cause is the human activities that emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere that then lead to global warming. The common GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4), HydroFluoroCarbons (HCFs), Perfluorocarbons (PCFs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and Halons.  The following are action or adjustment measures to cope with climate change: Sensitization of the community on climate change and capacity building for resilience in schools, churches, communities, etc. Tree planting/afforestation and forest or wildlife protection Rainwater harvesting. Construction of water reservoirs/ dams and community ...

  Climate change refers to the shift in global temperatures and precipitation overtime. It is a long term alteration in the weather patterns especially temperature and storm activity. In other words it is the man made or natural shift in average atmospheric conditions overtime. The following are the negative effects of climate change Water shortage due to drying of water sources.  Famine and malnutrition due to failure and death of livestock.   Displacement of people – migration and incursions due to floods, landslides, droughts.   Frequent floods resulting into destruction of life and property.   Increased storm activity and cyclones become more intense due to the fact that oceans become warmer and with humid atmosphere .   Diseases e.g. Malaria in Kabale, Cholera due to floods and respiratory diseases due to dust storms in times of drought.   Loss of biodiversity i.e. threat to wild life.   Soil erosion and Land...