GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

  The British policy of indirect rule facilitated the civil war, the British had used the northern Arabs to govern the southerners and the whole of Sudan and the Arabs were so brutal to the Negros. On granting independence to the Arabs, suspicion and mistrust arose hence a civil war could not be avoided. President Omar El-Bashir The existence of two divergent races in Sudan prepared fertile grounds for the war. The Arabs and Africans differed in cultures, physical appearance and to make matters worse there was the Arab discrimination of Africans on an African soil. By the 1940’s it was very clear that civil strife was inevitable in Sudan. Difference in numbers further created tension in Sudan. The Africans were the minority that is about 11 million. The Africans were convinced that if they don not fight they could easily be evacuated at the same time the numerical strength of the Arabs convinced them that they could not be defeated by the blacks in case of war. It is therefore not ...

  The following are Challenges facing multi-party democracy in Kenya. Since many politicians and senior government officials were not ready for Multipartism, they often incited their supporters to kick out opposition supporters from certain regions . This has been common in the Rift Valley region.  The executive arm and the ruling party have many times misused the members of the civil service to frustrate the opposition. In case of flawed elections, the provincial administration has always been used in rigging. Many of the parties formed failed to attain a national outlook. They mainly were tribal-based. The multi-party democracy has been hampered by the defection of greedy politicians who become prey to bribes. This has weakened some parties. The former KANU for a long time retained control of the government machinery,,(the police force, the radio and television.) these were utilized for the advantage of KANU for a long time. There has been a problem of lack of funding fro...