GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

  DIFFERENCES Sokoto Jihads were largely to do with intellectualism where Uthuman Danfordio, his brother Abdallah and his son Ahmed Bello acted as idealists, historians, writers and thinkers. This was not the case with other Jihads that emphasized warfare and not even any intellectual components.  In Sokoto Jihads after the success of the movement, Uthuman retired from the tedious struggle of the war and politics. He resorted to writing and instructing of officials for the caliphate on the other hand, other Jihadists like Al Hajji Umar never retired but kept on fighting in Tokolor until his death. The Sokoto Jihadists urged that war might be a necessary evil but peace was an essential requirement for the society reformation yet other Jihads especially Tokolor Jihads believed in minister rather than an intellectual approach. Uthuman was more concerned with Jihads being organised according to the strict teachings and dictates of Sharia and the people had to follow the same princ...

  He was born in 1830 to the Sonike family in Semankoro village found in Mandike Empire. His full name was Samouri Ibn Rasfa. He joined Tijjaniyah Suffs order after being influenced by Al Hajji Umar. Initially Toure was a trader by 1853, he changed from being a trader to a warrior when he joined the state army in order to rescue his mother who had been captured by the since raiding party in 1853. Samoure Toure soon became a skilled solider and he quickly rose one merit to be a commander. At that point, he began to dream of building an empire out of the small Mandika chief in the region of upper Niger. In 1857, he break way a unity of soldiers and became an independent warrior from 1857 to 1867. However, Toure began his conquests in 1866 when he conquered and defeated many chief doms of Mandika Empire and he made Bisandungu as the capital of his empire. He extended his authority over states like Konta, Toro, Kankan and by 1873, he had taken the Muslim like Al Imama meaning the leade...