Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 was an armed conflict between the conservatives (church, land owners and Fascist elements) against the Republicans , socialists, communists and anarchists in Spain. The civil war broke out or started with a military or army uprising in Morocco on 17 th July 1936 triggered by the events in Madrid and it eventually spread to mainland Spain. The war was led by General Francisco Franco, a senior army officer in the Spanish army. The Nationalists, as the rebels under General Franco were called, were supported by Adolf Hitter of Germany and Benito Mussolini of Italy - the Nazists and Fascists respectively. The Republicans on the other hand received aid from the Soviet Union (Russia) as well as from the International Brigades composed of foreign volunteers from Europe and the United States. The war ended in 1939 with the victory of the Nationalists who overthrew a democratically elected Republican government and installed dictatorship in Spain that...

  The state controlled the means of production and hence no individual ownership like land. Socialism followed a one party system, ie Tanzania African National Union (TANU) which later became to be the Chama chamapenduzi (C.C.M). The policy of socialism was composed of income equality and strongly castigated differentials in society. There was forced villagization, ie people were encouraged to go and develop the rural areas. The policy emphasized the revival of African cultural values in Tanzania. It emphasized centralized planning. The Central government of Nyerere originated all the policies and handed down to the villages. Socialism featured patriotism among the people of Tanzania- a virtue intended to have deep love for the nation and work towards its development. The policy of socialism featured the introduction of a national language Kiswahili, this forged unity and eased communication. The policy encouraged social justice and welfare, ie education and medical facilities in t...