Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 was an armed conflict between the conservatives (church, land owners and Fascist elements) against the Republicans , socialists, communists and anarchists in Spain. The civil war broke out or started with a military or army uprising in Morocco on 17 th July 1936 triggered by the events in Madrid and it eventually spread to mainland Spain. The war was led by General Francisco Franco, a senior army officer in the Spanish army. The Nationalists, as the rebels under General Franco were called, were supported by Adolf Hitter of Germany and Benito Mussolini of Italy - the Nazists and Fascists respectively. The Republicans on the other hand received aid from the Soviet Union (Russia) as well as from the International Brigades composed of foreign volunteers from Europe and the United States. The war ended in 1939 with the victory of the Nationalists who overthrew a democratically elected Republican government and installed dictatorship in Spain that...

  The Great Economic Depression was a situation characterized by the collapse of the global economy. It started in the Canadian agricultural sector and by 1929, it had spread to Europe and the entire world after the collapse of the Wall Street Stock Exchange Market in USA in October 1929. The European economies were badly hit except Russia which had a communist economy, especially due to the fact that they were just in the post-World War I recovery process. The depression was characterized by mass unemployment, low prices, failure of agricultural markets, closure of banks and other industries leading to the decline in the standards of living. During the depression, there was also widespread violence characterized by riots and strikes, human misery and social-political tensions. Generally, during this period there were many goods but with less money to purchase these goods. THE CAUSES OF THE GREAT ECONOMIC DEPRESSION The effects of World War I of 1914-1918 led to the occurrence of t...

  It led to wide spread rebellions, for example Maji-Maji , Hehe rebellion and Abushiri among others. The local chiefs lost their powers to the Jumbes and Akidas. The Akidas and Jumbes were therefore promoted. New crops were introduced in Tanganyika , for example sisal , cotton and many others. Infrastructures were developed so as to use them to exploit resources of Tanganyika . The German culture, or generally Western cultures were spread throughout Tanganyika . African cultures were steadily eroded away. The German direct rule led to widespread of Christianity in Tanganyika except in the coastal areas, where the Arabs had deeply established Islam . They undermined the Muslim cultures, for example the German administrators would enter the mosques with dogs, moreover during the holy month of Ramadan. The Tanganyika states and chiefdoms lost their independence to the Germans . Tribal institutions were destroyed. There was loss of lives in wars intended to force the people of Tang...