Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  Use of chemical spraying to control weeds and pests. Provisions of soft loans to reduce shortage of capital for developing the regions. Encourage crop rotation to ensure soil fertility and high productivity. Construction of valley dams to store water for the dry season. Establishing ranches to act as demonstration farms for the pastoralists. Extending veterinary services to reduce animal diseases. Construction of roads to reduce remoteness of such areas. RELATED POSTS IMPORTANCE OF SOIL STRUCTURE     7 CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUATORIAL CLIMATE    7 ADVANTAGES OF WETLANDS     7 FACTORS INFLUENCING MASS WASTING    5 CONDITIONS FOR EXISTENCE OF CORAL REEFS    3 TYPES OF WEATHERING AND THEIR PROCESSES    6 LANDFORMS OF HIGHLANDS GLACIATION CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF OCEAN BREEZE AND SEA BREEZE PLATE TECTONICS THEORY EXPLAINED 9 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL LIVESTOCK FARMING Characteristics of tropical northern climate 12 F...

  Lack of double coincidence of wants: - it is difficult to find two people with the need for each other’s product at the same time. Lack of store of value/ perishability of some commodities: - some goods are perishable thus their value cannot be stored for a long time for future purposes e.g. one cannot store vegetables for exchange purposes in future. Indivisibility of some commodities: -it is difficult to divide some products like livestock into smaller units to be exchanged with other commodities. Lack of standard measure of value: - It is not easy to determine how much one commodity can be exchanged for a given quantity of another commodity. Transportation problem: It is difficult to transport bulky goods especially when there is no faster means of transport. Lack of a standard deferred payment: - The exchange of goods cannot be postponed since by the time the payment is made, there could be fluctuation in value, demand for a commodity may not exist and the nature and qua...

  Bearing is the expression of direction using degree of an angle. the following are procedure to be followed when determining position of the place by bearing and distance  when you asked to determine a position of A from B Obtain the map needed Consider the points A and B and identify the distance needed Measure the distance between the two places and convert it into ground distance. for example given the FR scale is 1:50000, and the map distance obtained is 9cm therefore actual ground distance will be 4.5km Give the position by distance i.e B is situated 4.5km from A Give the position by bearing follow these procedures Join the two places by straight line Draw the four major points of the compass at the place of reference i.e point A Using protractor measure the angle (from north ) clockwise until you get to the line joining A and B Give the position by bearing e.g point B bear at 95 degrees east from A  Give the overall position, that is point B bears at  4.5km...

  The rapid population growth rates in developing countries may be as a result the following factors: Early marriages among the youth. Many people marry and or produce clearly in life, say before the age of 21 years. This results in rapid population growth in developing countries. Reduced civil wars and natural calamities. This results in rapid population in developing countries as the relative calm forces people to procreate children. Cultural or traditional tendencies that encourage large families. In some cult children are regarded as sources of pleasure and pride to parents. Pan therefore; produce very many children in order to fulfill these traditional mores. High polygamy rate in society especially among Moslems. This results in population growth in developing countries among the polygamous communities. High poverty rate among the population. Many people produce children in or: to have old age social security later in life whereby children provide for the needs of their paren...

  The civil wars taking place in some countries causes insecurity which affects trade between countries. Political differences among the leaders of the member states affect cooperation among member states. The member states are not at the level of industrialization, making some countries to rely on those that are more industrialized. E.g Kenya, Egypt, South Africa and Nigeria are more relied on by other African Nations. Some countries produce similar goods making the volume of trade to be low and less rewarding. Free trade affects local industries, as the imported goods without tax are usually cheaper than locally produced goods. This is what is ailing the sugar industry in Kenya Free trade denies the importing countries the revenue they would earn from taxing imported goods. Poor transport and communication linkage between members states limit inflow of goods and services Some member countries do not remit their annual subscription which affects the operation of the organizations....

  A coral reef is a limestone rock which is made up of skeletons of small living organisms called polyps . The formation of coral reefs is highly attributed to the presence of calcium carbonate in the skeletons of polyps. When the polyps die, their skeletons which contain calcium carbonate are compacted together to form a coral rock. In East Africa , they are only found along the East African coast. The following are the Negative importance of coral reefs Coral reefs break down into coral Wanda which are infertile soils hence can’t support agriculture . Coral reefs can be an obstacle to navigation because sharp rocks at the sea bottom can cause boats and ships to capsize. Lagoons resulting from coral reef formation are breeding grounds for disease spreading vectors like mosquitoes. Coral reefs damage fish nets by tearing them hence making losses for the fishermen. Quarrying of limestone leads to land degradation. Processing and mining of coal rocks produces dust which pollutes a...