Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  Leaching is removal of materials in solution or suspension downwards as water move vertically through the soil body by force of gravity. Leaching results into movements of soluble and suspended materials in water percolation. Leaching involves two forms: Elluviation - which is washing out of materials in solution or suspension from the overlying parts of the soil body; and  Illuviation - which is accumulation of materials taken from the overlying parts of the soil body. RELATED POSTS 9 CONDITIONS FAVOURING IRRIGATION FARMING IN EGYPT 5 CAUSES OF RURAL-RURAL MIGRATION IN KENYA 10 AIMS OF KILOMBERO VALLEY IRRIGATION SCHEME 4 FEATURES OF MAP STATEMENT SCALE 10 ADVANTAGES OF OIL PRODUCTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST 7 DISADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT 10 PROBLEMS FACING COFFEE FARMING IN KENYA IMPACTS OF POVERTY ON ENVIRONMENT 10 PROBLEMS FACING COTTON FARMING IN UGANDA COMPARISON BETWEEN FISHING IN KENYA AND JAPAN

  Soil profile refers to the vertical arrangement of the various soil layers from the top layer down to the parent rock or bottom layer. It is a vertical section through the soil horizons extending into the parent material or the bedrock. It describes the sections downwards through the soil which comprises differing characteristics in terms of texture, color, mineral composition, the ratio of the combination of organic and inorganic matter, hardness, and rate of weathering . The different layers are referred to as horizons. A soil horizon is a well-defined layer within the soil profile parallel to the local round surface. There are four main horizons namely: A horizon, B horizon, C horizon, and D horizon. Each horizon has different physical and chemical properties, which result from various soil-forming processes such as weathering, the introduction of humus, and the movement of minerals . O-HORIZON This is the topmost/ surface layer of the soil comprising organic matter . The con...