TYPES OF RIVER DRAINAGE PATTERNS

 Dendritic drainage pattern

dendritic drainage pattern require the following condition to be formed:

  • rock should be uniformly resistant to erosion

  • this pattern is not dependent on geology

characteristics of dendritic drainage pattern

  • the pattern is tree shaped

  • the tributaries join the main stream at acute angles

example of rivers with dendritic pattern include tigela, mooi and umgeni in the south Africa

Radial drainage pattern

radial drainage pattern is formed on dome shaped hill, conical hill, mesa or butte

characteristic of radial drainage pattern

streams radiate outwards from the central high point.

example of areas with radial drainage pattern includekoffiebus and teebus in south africa

Trellis drainage pattern

requirement for trellis drainage pattern to be formed

  • parallell ranges of fold mountains or alternate layers of hard and soft rock

  • a strong main stream

  • the pattern is dependent on the relief and the geology of the area

characteristics of the trellised drainage pattern

  • tributaries meet the main stream at the right angles

  • the main stream cut gaps through the mountains

example of areas with trellis drainage pattern include beffels river at laingsburg in south africa


 Image result for trellis drainage pattern

Centripetal drainage pattern

this type of drainage pattern is formed on a central basin or a low lying area such as a lake or a marsh

characteristics of centripetal drainage pattern include:

  • streams radiate inward from a sorrounding higher area

  • it is opposite of radial drainage pattern

example of centripetal drainage pattern is flatter parts of namaqualand in south africa

parallel drainage pattern

parallel drainage patterns occur in the recently uplifted sloping plain and require a rock type that is uniformly resistant to erosion

characteristics of parallel drainage pattern

  • the main streams flows parallel (or nearly) to each other

  • the tributaries enters the main stream at very small angles

An example of an area with a parallel drainage pattern is tributaries of the steelport river in Limpopo

rectangular drainage pattern

this occurs in a well-jointed rock with joints exposed at the surface

characteristics of rectangular drainage pattern

  • rivers flows in exposed joints

  • rivers and tributaries have right angled bends

An example of areas with rectangular drainage pattern is rivers in Waterberg (Limpopo)

deranged drainage pattern

this type of drainage pattern occur in geologically young areas

characteristics of deranged drainage pattern

  • haphazard pattern

  • numerous lakes and swamps

  • streams enters and leaves swamps and lakes randomly

example of areas with deranged drainage patterns are recently glaciated areas such as the Canadian shield

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