Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  Women were taken as sex objects they were used to satisfy men sexual desires against their wish .e.g. among the Bahima a wife in a home given a loved visitor to entertain him sexually and it was called “okwarirana “and it was a sign of hospitality. In African traditional society, Women were used as beasts of burden where they did most of the work .e.g. among the Bakiga most of the men took local brew {“omuramba”}. In African traditional society, girls were forced into marriage which was against their choice and a time the men were old which denied them enjoyment in marriage. In African traditional society, widows were inherited by the brother of the deceased who was against their will. Could be they wanted to get another man. In African traditional society, Women and girl were denied a chance to inherit proper at home because they were to go away and got married which violated their right of inheriting their parents’ property. In African traditional society, human sacrifices were...

  The trade reached its climax at around AD 8th c. by 15th c, the trade had declined due to the following reasons; Exhaustion of the salt and gold minefields as well as other like ivory. This discouraged traders from coming to West Africa. Increased political instability in the region due to so many wars of conquest created insecurity to the traders. The desert conditions e.g. harsh weather, dangerous insects, snakes and robbers discouraged many traders from the activity. Invasion of the region by the almorarids and the Tuaregs increased insecurity even more along the trade routes. Hence traders discontinued their involvement. Moroccan invasion of western Sudan in the 16th century undermined the trade. The growth of the trans-Atlantic trade attracted some of the trans-Saharan traders thus reducing the volume of commodities that were sold. Colonization of west and North Africa by Europeans who took over the resources hence African activities were undermined. Invasion of North Africa...

  Over 2 million people or so perished in cold blood since 1955 to 2005 and a lot of property destroyed including roads, homesteads, plantations, destroying the family ties and stability. A number of rebel groups were formed in the South to fight for the Southern hegemony/ independence, these included the Nyanya and SPLA. It brought to the lime light important personalities in the politics of southern Sudan like Joseph Lagu and John Garanga and Salva Kiir. These were very instrumental in determining the politics of this large state. Sudan harboured terrorist groups as USA would want us to agree for example when Carols Dijacko was found in Sudan; the country attracted interest of intelligence operatives like CIA. The war fostered cold war politics in the region. On many occasions USA, USSR, Israel and other Arab states came in to help either northern or southern Sudan. Southern Sudan experienced substantial decline in the social standards of living, people lacked the basic needs lik...

  Language problem posed a big problem because the Germans did not know the languages of the Africans among whom they were working. Harsh climatic conditions like in some seasons, there would be too much sunshine and too much coldness in yet other seasons. Manpower was lacking in some areas making their work very difficult. Besides Tanganyika was a big territory that could not easily be administered by the few Germans without the Africans. There was also lack of funds to pay the Germans who helped in the implementation of the direct rule . The Africans did not accept to work in German projects like road construction and plantations . They, therefore, lacked labour and this was a big problem. Thick forests acted as a big geographical barrier because they affected the movement of the German officials. The Germans were being threatened by the presence of the British , who wanted to take control of the whole of East Africa. There was, therefore, stiff competition for colonies in Eas...