Geography & History Notes | KCSE, NECTA, ZIMSEC & GCSE

  Mengistu arrested, killed his opponents and those suspected of treason for example he killed Emperor Hilessellassie and buried him secretly in a pit latrine, he also killed Alnafu Bante his rival and a number of other people on firing squad. This aroused resentment and a number of people supported the struggle to overthrow him. NB. In Adis ababa stands a museum displaying Mengistu’s inhuman attrosties. The ambitious character of men like Melesi Zenawi, who organized fellow Ethiopians under one umbrella with the sole aim of governing Ethiopia. He was eloquent, and with super organizational abilities. He challenged Mengistus government and called for his overthrow. All these combined Mengistu was over run. The failure of the Dergue led by Mengistu to end the Eritrean Question made the army loose loyalty and turned to support Zenawi’s cause. The army was tired of fighting useless wars. This explains why Zenawi quickened the road to independence of Eritrea. The continued famine and s...

  physical or mechanical weathering Mechanical or physical weathering is any of the various weathering processes that cause the physical disintegration of the exposed without any change in the chemical composition of rocks . 6 PROCESSES OF PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL WEATHERING. Frost action (freeze/thaw effect) this is the breaking of rock due to pressure exerted by freezing water into rock cracks or joints. When water freezes its volume increases. alternate freezing and thawing, therefore, exert pressure on sides of cracks and joints in rock and this leads to weakening and disintegration of rock. Pressure release this occurs when pressure is released when rock buried deep down in the earth's surface is exposed due to erosion . Deep in the crust for instance where a pluton might be emplaced, rock experiences high confining pressure equal to the weight of all underlying rock . If an area is uplifted and country rock originally around the pluton is removed by erosion , the pluton exper...

  Mussolini reconciled the Catholic Church with the state . In 1929, he signed the Lateran treaty with Pope Pius XI .  This treaty solved the conflict between the Catholic Church and Italian government.  This treaty was important because since 1871 the Popes were in conflict with the Italian government for having taken over Rome which was their capital. By this treaty, the Pope accepted Rome to serve as the capital of Italy and in return the Popes were given Vatican to be their independent state. Similarly, when Mussolini came to power, he initially denounced Catholicism. He also abolished the Roman Catholic Youth organizations and the influence of the Catholic Church in the state affairs.  However, by the Lateran treaty of 1929 Mussolini changed his attitude and recognized the Catholicism as the state religion.  He even went ahead and compensated the Catholic Church for all the losses incurred since 1871. This made Mussolini popular among the Catholics in Ital...

  before understanding the map scale first you need to understand what is scale? The scale is the ratio that is used to calculate the actual size or area of items which has been reduced in size. The map scale is the ratio of a distance on the map with the actual or corresponding distance on the ground. Remember, the map is a scaled representation of the part of the earth's surface. 3 types of map scale representation Map scale can be expressed in three ways Using linear and this is known as a linear scale using ratio this is known as ratio fraction or RF using a statement where the scale is expressed in words, for example, I cm on the map represent 10 kilometers on the ground The statement scale The statement scale is when you make a statement saying what the distance on the map represents on the ground. You may say 1 centimeter measured on the map represents 1 kilometer measured on the ground or 1 centimeter to 1 kilometer. Notice that the statements mention two distances. The ...

  The coup was masterminded by a man called Kotaka of Kumasi infantry brigade. Nkrumah was overthrown when he had gone to Vietnam to attend a public meeting. After the coup a national liberation council was instituted led by General Ankrah, this committee led Ghana until power was passed on to Dr. Busia in 1969 when his party (progressive party) won the elections. Change of character. The once humble flexible Nkrumah commonly known as Osagyefo (the redeemer) turned into a selfish and arrogant leader such that by 1960 he only trusted himself and stopped accepting constructive ideas. This worked to make him unpopular and in 1966 he was overthrown. Open dictatorship. He harassed his critics for example when the United party was formed in 1957, the following year 1958 Nkrumah introduced the preventive detention act such that 1960-65 about 1361 people had be detained without trial. These included JB Danquar who even died in prison. Nkrumah raped the Ghanaian constitution. He issued the ...