6 IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHS IN GEOGRAPHIC STUDIES
Photograph is a picture taken by means of film in the camera OR this is an image of an object which is recorded by a camera on light-sensitive film or paper.
A camera is basic equipment used in taking photographs and developing them on special paper known as film.
The following are importance of photograph in geography studies:
It gives quick information about an area than a map. Photograph takes less time to take and is cheap as compared to map which need more work and experts therefore when you need quick information of the area then it is cheap and quicker if you use photograph.
Photograph can work instead of the map i.e it is used to determine features formed on landscape such as man made features like roads, houses and natural features like hills mountain, oceans etc. By using vertical aerial photograph which has constant scale it is possible to use it instead of the map since it is easy to perform quantitative measurement such as distance and areas and the feature of the map are seen as they are.
It does not need trained eyes to identify features because all features are shown as they are
Photograph is used to store information for future generation
Photograph replace a great deal of verbal description and there fore they save time
It is used to show different geographical events, for example one can determine the climate of the area by looking at the crops and relief shown in photograph of that area.
ADVANTAGES OF GROUND LEVEL PHOTOGRAPH
Ground level/horizontal photograph, are as the name suggest, taken from the ground level perspective. Ground photograph is taken when a camera is held level to the ground. When ground photograph is taken the axis of the camera is placed horizontally toward the object. Ground photograph is the most common type of photography.
The following are advantages of ground photography in geographical studies
They show the ground in great details
Ground photography is less expensive compared to types of photograph like aerial photograph also it is quick method of storing geographic information.
It can replace a great deal of verbal description
It can be used in field sketching
It is used for geographical studies for example study of climate
6 DISADVANTAGES OF GROUND LEVEL PHOTOGRAPH
The ground photograph is taken when a camera is held level to the ground. When a ground photograph is taken the axis of the camera is placed horizontally toward the object.
The ground photograph is the most common type of photography which we take with our smartphone and is commonly used to store important memories and for getting beautiful photos to post to Instagram and Facebook.
The ground-level photograph has a lot of advantages and uses. Some of the advantages include it is cheap to produce, shows the landscape in great detail, and is the most common type of photography.
However, ground photographs have a number of disadvantages or limitations such as they are selective, they can not be used in map making, middle and background items may be blocked and they cover small area as compared to other types of photograph
Disadvantages of ground-level photograph
difficult in determining the scale
It is difficult to determine their scale unless one who takes the picture knows the size of the object .
The scale of ground photograph decrease from foreground to background therefore it is difficult to determine the scale of the photograph which can also lead to difficulty in determining the area or size of objects in the photograph.
They are not selective
that is all objects found in the face of the camera are recorded even if they are not needed.
The ground photograph is so detailed that is all objects in front of the camera are recorded even if they will not serve any purpose to the photographer.
Objects on the fore ground blocks visibility of the objects in the middle and back ground
Since the ground photograph scale decrease from foreground to background the objects on the foreground looks bigger and in some cases may block the visibility of important items in the background.
It covers small area compared to other types of photography
As compared to oblique photograph and vertical aerial photograph ground level photograph covers a small area and this is due to the fact that axis of the camera is horizontal to the ground causing the small area to be recorded.
Ground photograph present mainly qualitative information
Since the scale of ground photograph is difficult to measure then it is difficult to obtain quantitative measurement such as measurement of area and distance from the photograph
Other objects may be out of focus
Ground photograph focuses on items on the foreground the far items on the middle ground or back ground may be out of focus and blurred
We hope that you have found this article useful. If you have any additional points you would like to share with us on the disadvantages of the ground photograph, please add them to the comment below.
HERE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GROUND-LEVEL PHOTOGRAPHS AND OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS
They can both be divided into the foreground, middle, and background during interpretation, unlike the vertical photographs.
The scale of both ground and oblique photographs tend to diminish toward the background
They are both simple to understand and use
In both ground-level photographs and oblique photographs, the objects on
the foreground tend to obscure those in the middle and background
The size of objects in both ground level and oblique photographs tend to decrease in size from the foreground to the background
They are both useful in land use planning and construction activities
Similarities between ground level photograph and oblique photographs
They can both be divided into foreground, middle and background during interpretation unlike the vertical photographs.
The scale of both ground and oblique photographs tend to diminish toward the background
They are both simple to understand and use
In both ground level photographs and oblique photographs, the objects on the foreground tend to obscure those in the middle and background
The size of objects in both ground level and oblique photographs tend to decrease in size from the foreground to background
They are both useful in land use planning and construction activities
Differences between ground photograph and oblique photograph
While ground level photograph are taken with camera axis horizontal to the the ground, oblique photographs are taken at a higher altitude with the camera axis tilted at an angle greater than 3 degrees from the vertical axis
Oblique photographs covers large area than the ground level photographs.
Oblique photographs has less obstruction of objects compared to ground level level photographs
While ground level photograph provide a horizontal view, horizontal photographs provide a panoramic view of the ground area.
Though the scale of both the ground level and oblique photographs vary toward the background, the oblique photographs have less variation of scale compared to ground level photographs
6 ADVANTAGES OF OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Oblique Aerial Photographs are Photographs taken at an angle.
If they are taken from a low angle earth surface–aircraft, they are called low oblique and photographs taken from a high angle are called high or steep oblique.
The technical definition of the vertical aerial photograph is photography looking down on a subject at an angle of less than or equal to three degrees from the vertical.
In other words, the vertical aerial photograph is defined as an aerial photography technique where the shots are taken from directly above the subject of the image
The following are the advantages of oblique aerial photographs over vertical aerial photographs:
The oblique aerial photograph may use inexpensive cameras because they are not used for photogrammetric or precision purposes.
Determination of feature elevations is more accurate using oblique aerial photograph than a vertical aerial photograph.
An oblique aerial photograph covers more ground area than vertical aerial photograph taken from the same altitude and with the same focal length.
If an area is frequently covered by cloud layer, it may be too low and/or impossible to take aerial vertical photograph but there may be enough clearance for oblique coverage.
Oblique aerial photograph have more natural view because we are accustomed to seeing the ground features obliquely. For example tall objects such as bridges, building towers and others will be more recognizable because the silhouettes of these objects are visible .
6 ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
The vertical aerial photograph is an aerial photograph technique where the shots are taken from directly above the subject of the image.
Hence, this method of aerial photograph is also often referred to as “overhead aerial photograph.
Oblique photographs (also known as oblique aerial photographs or oblique air photographs) are taken from a high point, which is at an angle neither horizontal (ground level photograph) nor perpendicular (vertical aerial photograph) to the area being photographed.
The following are advantages of vertical aerial photograph over oblique aerial photograph;
vertical aerial photograph have uniform scale
Vertical photographs present approximately uniform scale throughout the photo but not oblique photos. It follows that making measurements (e.g., distances and directions) on vertical photographs is easier and more accurate.
it is easy to determine direction in vertical aerial photograph
Because of a constant scale throughout a vertical photograph, the determination of directions (i.e., bearing or azimuth) can be performed in the same manner as a map. This is not true for an oblique photo because of the distortions.
vertical aerial photograph are easier to interpret
Because of a constant scale, vertical photographs are easier to interpret than oblique photographs. Furthermore, tall objects (e.g., buildings, trees, hills, etc.) will not mask other objects as much as they would on oblique photos.
vertical aerial photograph are easier to use
Vertical photographs are simple to use photogrammetrically as a minimum of mathematical correction is required.
vertical aerial photograph can be used as maps
To some extent and under certain conditions (e.g., flat terrain), a vertical aerial photograph may be used as a map if a coordinate grid system and legend information are added.
vertical aerial photograph can be used for stereoscopic study
The stereoscopic study is also more effective on vertical than on oblique photographs.
ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER MAP
the map is a scaled representation of part or whole of the earth's surface on a flat surface such as wood or paper.
The following are advantages of aerial vertical photograph over map:
Vertical aerial photographs provide a current pictorial view of the area that no map can equal.
The vertical aerial photograph is readily obtained. The photograph may be in the hands of the user within a few hours after it is taken, a map may take months to prepare
A vertical aerial photograph can provide day to day comparison of selected areas, permitting evaluation to be made of various activities taking place in the area
A vertical aerial photograph shows other features that may not appear on the map due to constraints of the chosen scale.
The vertical aerial photograph may be taken or made to places that are inaccessible to the survey team.
The vertical aerial photograph provides a permanent and objective record of day to day changes in the given area.
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