8 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION

 Some of the most significant consequences of temperature inversions are the extreme weather conditions they can sometimes create. One example of this is freezing rain.

This phenomenon develops with a temperature inversion in a cold area because snow melts as it moves through the warm inversion layer. The precipitation then continues to fall and passes through the cold layer of air near the ground.

When it moves through this final cold air mass it becomes "super-cooled" (cooled below freezing without becoming solid).

The super-cooled drops then become ice when they land on items like cars and trees and the result is freezing rain or an ice storm. Intense thunderstorms and tornadoes are also associated with inversions because of the intense energy that is released after an inversion blocks an area’s normal convection patterns.

Smog

Although freezing rain, thunderstorms, and tornadoes are significant weather events, one of the most important things impacted by an inversion layer is smog.

This is the brownish-gray haze that covers many of the world’s largest cities and is a result of dust, auto exhaust, and industrial manufacturing.

Smog is impacted by the inversion layer because it is in essence, capped, when the warm air mass moves over an area. This happens because the warmer air layer sits over a city and prevents the normal mixing of cooler, denser air.

The air instead becomes still and over time the lack of mixing causes pollutants to become trapped under the inversion, developing significant amounts of smog.

During severe inversions that last over long periods smog can cover entire metropolitan areas and cause respiratory problems for the inhabitants of those areas.

In December 1952, for example, such an inversion occurred in London. Because of the cold December weather at the time, Londoners began to burn more coal, which increased air pollution in the city.

Since the inversion was present over the city at the same time, these pollutants became trapped and increased London’s air pollution. The result was the Great Smog of 1952 that was blamed for thousands of deaths.

Like London, Mexico City has also experienced problems with smog that have been exacerbated by the presence of an inversion layer.

This city is infamous for its poor air quality but these conditions are worsened when warm sub-tropical high pressure systems move over the city and trap air in the Valley of Mexico.

When these pressure systems trap the valley’s air, pollutants are also trapped and intense smog develops.

Since 2000, Mexico's government has developed a ten year plan aimed at reducing ozone and particulates released into the air over the city.

London’s Great Smog and Mexico’s similar problems are extreme examples of smog being impacted by the presence of an inversion layer. This is a problem all over the world though and cities like Los Angeles, California; Mumbai, India; Santiago, Chile; and Tehran, Iran, frequently experience intense smog when an inversion layer develops over them.

Because of this, many of these cities and others are working to reduce their air pollution.

To make the most of these changes and to reduce smog in the presence of a temperature inversion, it’s important to first understand all aspects of this phenomenon, making it an important component of the study of meteorology, a significant sub-field within geography.

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