19 achievement of Tanzanian population policy

 Population policy policy is the document prepared by government to modify the way the population is changing either by promoting large families or immigration to increase its size or by encouraging the birth control to reduce it. 

19 achievement of Tanzanian population policy

POPULATION POLICY CAN BE EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT

EXPLICIT POPULATION POLICY, refer to the document or clear statement issued by the government department and its commission which is intended to control population growth and raise the standard of life of the people in the country. Explicit policies can also stem from the law, policy declaration by a party or directive issued by the President of the country. Explicit laws are well stipulated and strictly followed or reinforced. Such policies prevailed in China where the limit in the number of children was set and incentives were given to all those who could follow while penalties were given to those who did not follow. Other countries with explicit policy are Sweden and England. Hence the explicit policy is the elaborate statement that spell out the rationale objective, goals, targets policy program and implementation.
 
IMPLICIT POLICIES, refer to particular law, regulation or statement, which may have direct or indirect effect on population growth. Implicit policy is not as elaborate as explicit since it is somehow unclear and cannot be easily understood leading to failure in terms of implementation.

 

Population policies, whether explicit or implicit, have the ultimate aim of influencing a country’s population size, composition, distribution and growth.
 
PRINCIPLE TO GUIDE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
  1. Consideration of regional and district variation with regard to the level of socio-economic development
  2. Adherence to the development vision which among other things emphasize the role of the market in determining resources allocation and uses
  3. Continued democratization of the political system with its intended political pluralism as symbolized in the emergence of various political parties or actors and mushroom of independent mass media
  4. Thrift exploitation of the country’s non-renewable resources taking consideration the needs of future generations.
  5. Recognition and appreciation of the central role of the government, NGOs, private sector communities and individuals in population and development.

 

JUSTIFICATION OF THE POPULATION POLICY
This policy takes cognizance of the achievement, constraint and limitation of implementing post population policies as well as new development and continuing challenges

The achievements of both past implicit and explicit Tanzanian population policies include the following.

  • Increased awareness of population issues
  • Fertility, infant and child mortality has declined over time; while the average life expectancy at birth has been going up. 
  • Awareness of HIV and AIDS has reached over 95 percent among men and women above 15 years of age. 
  • Increased awareness of the links and interrelationships between population, resources, the environment and development at all levels 
  • Expansion and/or introduction of population studies in institutions of higher learning in the country 
  • Increased number and capacity of NGOs and Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) engaged in population related activities including advocacy and social mobilization, service delivery and capacity building 
  • Modern contraceptive prevalence rate increased from about 18.4 percent in 1996 to 26 percent in 2004 (TDHS) due to an increase in knowledge and awareness among women of reproductive age. 
  • Increased involvement and support of policy by lawmakers on population issues through the formation and operations of the Tanzania Parliamentary Association on Population and Development (TPAPD), Parliamentarians’ Group on HIV and AIDS and the African Women Ministers and Parliamentarians (Tanzania Chapter) 
  • Integration of Family Life Education (FLE) into secondary school and Teacher Training College curricula 
  • Integration of HIV and AIDS education into primary and secondary school and Teacher Training College curricula 
  • Establishment of Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS) and adoption of National Policy on HIV and AIDS 
  • Formulation and implementation of National Multi-sectoral Strategic Framework and the Health sector strategy for HIV and AIDS 2003 – 2007 
  • Formulation of National Policy Guidelines for Reproductive and Child Health Services 
  • The National Plan of Action 2001 – 2025 accelerated the elimination of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and harmful traditional practices. 
  • Increased allocation of resources for research, training and data collection 
  • Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health (ASRH) Strategy 
  • Formulation of programme of implementation of the National Population Policy (NPP), mobilization of domestic and foreign resources for implementing population programmes 
  • Formulation of Gender and Women Development Policy 
  • Improved framework for and intensified action on gender mainstreaming

challenges which have necessitated review of the 1992 policy  and adoption of new 2006 population policy include the following.

  • Increased forms and levels of gender-based violence, traditional harmful practices including FGM, sexual abuse, neglect and abandonment of children

12 REASONS THAT MADE THE TANZANIAN GOVERNMENT ADOPT THE NEW 2006 POPULATION POLICY


  • Need for relevant and affordable quality education and training at all levels

  • High prevalence of STIs, HIV and AIDS

  • High levels of adolescent pregnancies and early child bearing

  • Frequent pregnancies and deliveries

  • Increasing unemployment due to poor economic performance parallel with rapid labor force growth

  • Persistently high maternal, infant and child mortality

  • Rapid and unplanned urban growth

  • Low status accorded to women in society

  • Inadequate programmes to address specific reproductive health needs of particular population groups

  • Increased incidence of drug and substance abuse

  • xii. Increasing needs of disadvantaged groups, including orphans.

The constraints and limitations that were encountered during the implementation of the 1992 National Population Policy and the implicit population policies include the following.

  • Inadequate trained human resources at all levels of implementation
  • Inadequate financial and material resources
10 constraints encountered by Tanzanian government in implementing 1992 population policy
  • Inadequate availability of age and gender disaggregated population related data
  • Non-establishment of planned policy coordination and implementation arrangements
  • Policies mainly addressed family planning and child spacing activities; this influenced limited participation of players in other reproductive health issues.
  • Placing more emphasis on meeting demographic targets rather than the needs of individuals (males and females)
  • Inadequate recognition of the relationship between poverty, population, environment, gender and development
  • Inadequate advocacy to guarantee the required support for population and development issues
  • Insufficient capacity and resources of NGOs engaged in population related activities

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