POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECT OF OVERPOPULATION

 Overpopulation is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources, such as the water and essential nutrients they need to survive. It can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. Overpopulation is a situation where people in a particular country are many in relation to the available resources; it is also a situation whereby the population of a country is above the optimum population. This situation will force people to

compete for the available resources and due to shortages of resources; there will be general decline in the standard of living.
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Positive effects of Overpopulation
  • Defense: Large Population makes it possible to mobilize enough people to defend the integrity of the country in times of war and any other emergencies. 
  • Increase in Labor Market: Increasing population ensures increase in the labor force. Lack of growth in the labor force will make a country static, retarded and gets to equilibrium at less than full employment level of the economy.
  • Large Market: Investors would like to invest in a country with a large population. As the population continues to grow so will be the growth in demand for food, shelter, clothing etc.
Negative effects of Overpopulation
  • Poverty: As a result of overpopulation, the available resources would not be able to do round and this will result to poverty in the country.
  • Unemployment: Overpopulation leads to unemployment, this is as a result of the number of people looking for job outruns available resources.
  • Social Problems: Overpopulation brings about social problems such as bribery, prostitution, armed robbery etc.
  • A decrease in the standard of living: Overpopulation leads to a fall in the standard of living. As a result of increased number of people, demand for essential commodities becomes highly competitive and it is those that are rich that would be able to afford them, thereby bringing a fall in the standard of living. Brain drain
  • Increase in Government expenses
  • Possible increase in dependency ratio
  • Low Per capita income if production level does not increase
  • Increase in imports, which will result to balance of payments deficit
  • Shortage of food
  • Difficulty in educating the children 
  • Under utilization of Labor

POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF A HIGH POPULATION GROWTH RATE

  • High market potential. This is due to increase in effective demand by the growing population.

  • High tax potential. This is due to increased investment, labourforce and consumer demand that provide more tax revenue to the government.

  • High potential for labourforce. This is because of the increase in labour supply associated with the growing population.

  • High potential for increased resource utilization. This is due to the high level of investment required to meet the increasing consumer demand hence increased use of idle resources.

  • It is an incentive or potential for massive future investment. This is due to the increased consumer demand.

  • Government is awakened to the responsibilities of providing the necessary infrastructure. This leads to increase in the level of output.

  • The young population is usually innovative and creative. This is due to increase in the level of competition that results into more discoveries.

  • It reduces per capita social overhead costs. This is because the infrastructure in form of schools, hospitals and roads is maximumly used.

  • Initiates efforts to work harder to sustain the predominantly young population. This is because the working population strives to meet the demands of the dependants.

  • High mobility of labour due to increased population pressure

Population problems refers to the problems which human population face in a certain area, these problems occur in groups as follows;

 

Elders

 

  • Lack of provision of social services especially health services to adult people
  • Lack of social security measure that address problems of elders

 

Children and Youth

 

  • Lack of development policies and laws that support family stability
  • Lack of development of talents and capabilities of the children and youth

 

People with disabilities
  • Failure in encouraging private sectors and religious organization to invest in provision of social services for people with disabilities as well as poor government policies on people with disabilities
  • Refugees
  • Lack of preparedness plan for handling refugees.

CAUSES OF POPULATION EXPLOSION

 

  • Soil fertility; People tend to concentrate in areas with fertile soil because of higher production than in infertile soil
  • The high birth rate is due to the increase of births in a Given area without using family planning
  • Immigration due to incoming people from various parts due to various problems e.g. civil war, hunger, and famine
  • High life expectancy
  • Availability of social services like Water, Hospital, Schools
  • Mining activities e.g. Geita, North Mara, and Buswagi
  • Presence of Transport and Communications

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