2 TYPES OF CENSUSES

Census is the process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data pertaining to specified time or times to all people in the country or territory.

Census can be classified according to time interval it takes from one census to another or approach of undertaking the census.

2 TYPES OF CENSUSES

Classification of census according to the time interval

According to time internal census can be classified as either quinquennial (census carried out after every five years) or decennial census (census carried out after every ten years).

Classification of census according to approach

According to the approach, the census can be either de jure census or de facto census.

  • De jure census this is one in which the people are counted according to their usual place of residence, where only permanent members of the household are counted.

  • De facto census - this is an approach to undertaking a census in which people are counted wherever they are found on the day of census exercise, that is all people who stayed in the homeland for the night are counted. 

Information collected during census include

  • the name of the person being counted

  • his/her age

  • gender/ sex of the person

  • marital status (single, married or divorced)

  • number of children one has

  • citizenship

  • place of birth

  • the religion of the person

  • level of education that he/she has attained

  • if the person is employed or not

  • relationship with the head of the house

  • availability of water

  • if they own the house or they are renting

Advantages of census

  • It enables the government to plan for the needs of the people in terms of accommodation, food security, health facilities, water supply, employment, schools, transport and other socio-economic factors.

  • A census allows the authorities to monitor the movements of people in and out of the country

  • It helps in demarcating political boundaries

  • It is a more accurate method of collecting population information

  • Apart from the number of people, a census covers other aspects about the population

  • such as housing, education, health issues as well as water and sanitation services in the country.

Disadvantages of a census

  • some records might be lost or destroyed

  • some areas could be out of reach (accessibility)

  • high costs of transport and stationery that will be used during the data collection

  • enumerators need to be paid for the data collection process

  • coverage of some areas will not be done adequately

  • some people will not be home during the data collection

  • falsehood from participants who would not want to be counted.

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